Its popularity stems from its approachability—Merlot ripens earlier than many other red grapes, produces rounder, more plush wines, and can thrive in a variety of climates. While often typecast as an “easy” wine, high-quality Merlot can be incredibly complex, structured, and age-worthy.

Sauvignon Blanc is one of the world’s most widely planted and beloved white grape varieties, known for its vibrant acidity, zesty citrus profile, and distinctive herbal and green aromatics. Originating in France’s Loire Valley, it has since become a global favorite, with iconic expressions from New Zealand, California, Chile, South Africa, and beyond.

Its name comes from the French word “sauvage” (wild), a nod to the grape’s vigorous growth and untamed aromatics. It can be crisp and citrusy, grassy and green, or textured and smoky—depending on where and how it’s grown.

In some regions, Sauvignon Blanc is oak-aged or blended with Sémillon, producing richer, age-worthy wines such as white Bordeaux and Pessac-Léognan.

Chardonnay is the most widely planted white grape in the world, known for its chameleon-like ability to reflect its terroir and winemaking. From the steely, mineral whites of Chablis to the opulent, oak-aged wines of Napa, Chardonnay’s style ranges from crisp and linear to rich and creamy.

Originating in Burgundy, Chardonnay is the foundation of the region’s finest white wines and is one of the key grapes in Champagne. Its neutral flavor profile allows it to be easily shaped by fermentation vessels (steel or oak), malolactic fermentation, and lees aging.

Because of its global adaptability, Chardonnay has found a home in nearly every wine-producing region on Earth.

Syrah’s popularity lies in its versatility: it can express peppery, savory complexity or plush, jammy opulence depending on where it’s grown and how it’s made. The grape is naturally high in anthocyanins and phenolics, contributing to its deep color and ageability. Syrah is also frequently used in blends, especially in Rhône-style wines.

This noble grape is the parent of several other varieties, including Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc. Pinot Noir thrives in cool climates, and its transparent style allows terroir to shine through more than almost any other red grape. It’s beloved by sommeliers and wine lovers for its aromatic finesse, savory depth, and ability to pair with a wide range of foods.